In Lancaster, California, the municipal code authorizes the levying of a variety of impact fees on new development, including fees for traffic signalization, sewage treatment improvement, water improvement, park development, and library facilities among others. In 1993, in an innovation designed to further smart growth principles, Lancaster instituted an additional change on new development outside a five-mile radius from the central core. According to the New Rules Project, "a typical new house located within the core would incur an impact fee of $5,500. The same house located one mile beyond the core would incur a fee of $10,800."
Sacramento imposes a developer exaction by charging varying square footage fees on non-residential development for affordable housing. Developers pay a fee to a housing fund, or alternatively, they may meet up to 80 percent or their obligation by directly building affordable housing.
Boston requires that developers of large-scale commercial, retail, or hotel structures pay an exaction to construct affordable housing off site. (See tool on linkage programs for more detail).
